In medical image segmentation, it is often necessary to collect opinions from multiple experts to make the final decision. This clinical routine helps to mitigate individual bias. But when data is multiply annotated, standard deep learning models are often not applicable. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network framework, called Multi-Rater Prism (MrPrism) to learn the medical image segmentation from multiple labels. Inspired by the iterative half-quadratic optimization, the proposed MrPrism will combine the multi-rater confidences assignment task and calibrated segmentation task in a recurrent manner. In this recurrent process, MrPrism can learn inter-observer variability taking into account the image semantic properties, and finally converges to a self-calibrated segmentation result reflecting the inter-observer agreement. Specifically, we propose Converging Prism (ConP) and Diverging Prism (DivP) to process the two tasks iteratively. ConP learns calibrated segmentation based on the multi-rater confidence maps estimated by DivP. DivP generates multi-rater confidence maps based on the segmentation masks estimated by ConP. The experimental results show that by recurrently running ConP and DivP, the two tasks can achieve mutual improvement. The final converged segmentation result of MrPrism outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) strategies on a wide range of medical image segmentation tasks.

视频框架插值是一项艰巨的任务，这是由于不断变化的现实场景。先前的方法通常计算双向光流，然后在线性运动假设下预测中间光流，从而导致各向同性中间流量产生。随访研究通过估计的高阶运动信息和额外的帧获得各向异性调整。基于运动假设，它们的方法很难在真实场景中对复杂的运动进行建模。在本文中，我们提出了一种端到端训练方法A^2OF，用于视频框架插值，并通过事件驱动的各向异性调整光学流量调节。具体而言，我们使用事件为中间光流生成光流分布掩码，这可以对两个帧之间的复杂运动进行建模。我们提出的方法在视频框架插值中优于先前的方法，将基于事件的视频插值带到了更高的阶段。

在医学图像上，许多组织/病变可能模棱两可。这就是为什么一群临床专家通常会注释医疗细分以减轻个人偏见的原因。但是，这种临床常规也为机器学习算法的应用带来了新的挑战。如果没有确定的基础真相，将很难训练和评估深度学习模型。当从不同的级别收集注释时，一个共同的选择是多数票。然而，这样的策略忽略了分级专家之间的差异。在本文中，我们考虑使用校准的观察者间的不确定性来预测分割的任务。我们注意到，在临床实践中，医学图像分割通常用于帮助疾病诊断。受到这一观察的启发，我们提出了诊断优先的原则，该原则是将疾病诊断作为校准观察者间分段不确定性的标准。遵循这个想法，提出了一个名为诊断的诊断框架（DIFF）以估算从原始图像中进行诊断，从原始图像进行诊断。特别是，DIFF将首先学会融合多论者分段标签，以最大程度地提高单个地面真相疾病诊断表现。我们将融合的地面真相称为诊断第一基地真实（DF-GT）。我们验证了DIFF对三个不同的医学分割任务的有效性：对眼底图像的OD/OC分割，超声图像上的甲状腺结节分割以及皮肤镜图像上的皮肤病变分割。实验结果表明，拟议的DIFF能够显着促进相应的疾病诊断，这表现优于先前的最先进的多评论者学习方法。

生成的型号推理需要机器生成描述日常情景的句子，这是几种概念，最近引起了很多关注。然而，现有模型不能表现和人类，因为它们产生的句子通常是难以置疑和语法的不正确。在本文中，灵感来自人类创造句子的过程，我们提出了一种新颖的知识增强的致辞生成框架，被称为kgr ^ 4，由四个阶段组成：检索，回顾，精炼，重新思考。在此框架下，我们首先执行检索以搜索从外部语料库作为原型的相关句子。然后，我们训练发电机编辑或复制这些原型以生成候选句子，其中基于AutoEncoder的炼油器将修复候选句子。最后，我们从具有不同超参数的生成器产生的候选句子中选择输出句子。对蒙古基准测试的实验结果和深入分析强烈展示了我们框架的有效性。特别是，KGR ^ 4获得官方排行榜中的33.56个香料点，优于前面报告的最佳结果2.49香料点，实现最先进的性能。

In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.

We introduce a machine-learning (ML)-based weather simulator--called "GraphCast"--which outperforms the most accurate deterministic operational medium-range weather forecasting system in the world, as well as all previous ML baselines. GraphCast is an autoregressive model, based on graph neural networks and a novel high-resolution multi-scale mesh representation, which we trained on historical weather data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)'s ERA5 reanalysis archive. It can make 10-day forecasts, at 6-hour time intervals, of five surface variables and six atmospheric variables, each at 37 vertical pressure levels, on a 0.25-degree latitude-longitude grid, which corresponds to roughly 25 x 25 kilometer resolution at the equator. Our results show GraphCast is more accurate than ECMWF's deterministic operational forecasting system, HRES, on 90.0% of the 2760 variable and lead time combinations we evaluated. GraphCast also outperforms the most accurate previous ML-based weather forecasting model on 99.2% of the 252 targets it reported. GraphCast can generate a 10-day forecast (35 gigabytes of data) in under 60 seconds on Cloud TPU v4 hardware. Unlike traditional forecasting methods, ML-based forecasting scales well with data: by training on bigger, higher quality, and more recent data, the skill of the forecasts can improve. Together these results represent a key step forward in complementing and improving weather modeling with ML, open new opportunities for fast, accurate forecasting, and help realize the promise of ML-based simulation in the physical sciences.

We are introducing a multi-scale predictive model for video prediction here, whose design is inspired by the "Predictive Coding" theories and "Coarse to Fine" approach. As a predictive coding model, it is updated by a combination of bottom-up and top-down information flows, which is different from traditional bottom-up training style. Its advantage is to reduce the dependence on input information and improve its ability to predict and generate images. Importantly, we achieve with a multi-scale approach -- higher level neurons generate coarser predictions (lower resolution), while the lower level generate finer predictions (higher resolution). This is different from the traditional predictive coding framework in which higher level predict the activity of neurons in lower level. To improve the predictive ability, we integrate an encoder-decoder network in the LSTM architecture and share the final encoded high-level semantic information between different levels. Additionally, since the output of each network level is an RGB image, a smaller LSTM hidden state can be used to retain and update the only necessary hidden information, avoiding being mapped to an overly discrete and complex space. In this way, we can reduce the difficulty of prediction and the computational overhead. Finally, we further explore the training strategies, to address the instability in adversarial training and mismatch between training and testing in long-term prediction. Code is available at https://github.com/Ling-CF/MSPN.

Text Summarization is recognised as one of the NLP downstream tasks and it has been extensively investigated in recent years. It can assist people with perceiving the information rapidly from the Internet, including news articles, social posts, videos, etc. Most existing research works attempt to develop summarization models to produce a better output. However, advent limitations of most existing models emerge, including unfaithfulness and factual errors. In this paper, we propose a novel model, named as Knowledge-aware Abstractive Text Summarization, which leverages the advantages offered by Knowledge Graph to enhance the standard Seq2Seq model. On top of that, the Knowledge Graph triplets are extracted from the source text and utilised to provide keywords with relational information, producing coherent and factually errorless summaries. We conduct extensive experiments by using real-world data sets. The results reveal that the proposed framework can effectively utilise the information from Knowledge Graph and significantly reduce the factual errors in the summary.

In this report, we present a fast and accurate object detection method dubbed DAMO-YOLO, which achieves higher performance than the state-of-the-art YOLO series. DAMO-YOLO is extended from YOLO with some new technologies, including Neural Architecture Search (NAS), efficient Reparameterized Generalized-FPN (RepGFPN), a lightweight head with AlignedOTA label assignment, and distillation enhancement. In particular, we use MAE-NAS, a method guided by the principle of maximum entropy, to search our detection backbone under the constraints of low latency and high performance, producing ResNet-like / CSP-like structures with spatial pyramid pooling and focus modules. In the design of necks and heads, we follow the rule of "large neck, small head". We import Generalized-FPN with accelerated queen-fusion to build the detector neck and upgrade its CSPNet with efficient layer aggregation networks (ELAN) and reparameterization. Then we investigate how detector head size affects detection performance and find that a heavy neck with only one task projection layer would yield better results. In addition, AlignedOTA is proposed to solve the misalignment problem in label assignment. And a distillation schema is introduced to improve performance to a higher level. Based on these new techs, we build a suite of models at various scales to meet the needs of different scenarios, i.e., DAMO-YOLO-Tiny/Small/Medium. They can achieve 43.0/46.8/50.0 mAPs on COCO with the latency of 2.78/3.83/5.62 ms on T4 GPUs respectively. The code is available at https://github.com/tinyvision/damo-yolo.

In this paper, we design a resource management scheme to support stateful applications, which will be prevalent in 6G networks. Different from stateless applications, stateful applications require context data while executing computing tasks from user terminals (UTs). Using a multi-tier computing paradigm with servers deployed at the core network, gateways, and base stations to support stateful applications, we aim to optimize long-term resource reservation by jointly minimizing the usage of computing, storage, and communication resources and the cost from reconfiguring resource reservation. The coupling among different resources and the impact of UT mobility create challenges in resource management. To address the challenges, we develop digital twin (DT) empowered network planning with two elements, i.e., multi-resource reservation and resource reservation reconfiguration. First, DTs are designed for collecting UT status data, based on which UTs are grouped according to their mobility patterns. Second, an algorithm is proposed to customize resource reservation for different groups to satisfy their different resource demands. Last, a Meta-learning-based approach is developed to reconfigure resource reservation for balancing the network resource usage and the reconfiguration cost. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DT-empowered network planning outperforms benchmark frameworks by using less resources and incurring lower reconfiguration costs.